Investigation About Acid Rain free essay sample

Acidification also occurs when base cations such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium are leached from the soil. This leaching increases with increasing precipitation. Plants take bases from the soil as they grow, donating a proton in exchange for each base cation. Where plant material is removed, as when a forest is logged or crops are harvested, the bases they have taken up are permanently lost from the soil. Acidification can also be caused by the oxidation of sulfide soil minerals during mining or land development, acid deposition from industrial atmospheric pollutants (e. . sulfur dioxide) or land contamination. The ways to prevent soil acidification are, develop and implement a Soil Acidification Management Strategy as a component of the proposed State Soil Protection Policy, covering all types of acid soils, finalise and implement the draft State Lime Supply Strategy incorporating sustainability principles, develop an agreed baseline of the extent and severity of soil a cidification in WA. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigation About Acid Rain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. Explain why normal rain is acidic? Acidity in normal rain is caused by dissolved carbon dioxide, which produces carbonic acid (H{-2}CO{-3}). Excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen released by cars and industrial processes makes normal rain acidic. Forest fires, volcanic activity, and heavy industry all pump sulfur dioxide and/or hydrogen chloride into the atmosphere. These compounds are very soluble in water, and react with it to produce, respectively, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and hydrochloric acid. Therefore, all normal rain are acidic because the processes that releases compounds which produces acidic characteristic when dissolved in water vapour in the atmosphere is continuous and is increasing drastically day by day. This process has became a cycle. . ) Acid rain causes major environmental problems in some industrialised countries. In some detail, describe how the rain is produced and the problem it causes. Industries, exoz gas produces acidic gases such as Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced from burning of fossil fuel(petroleum, coal) containing sulfur as an impurity. Coal combustion is by far the major source of sulfur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. During combustion, sulfur is oxidized to form sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide rises into the atmosphere and is oxidized once again in the presence of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals to form sulfur trioxide (SO3). Sulfur trioxide reacts with atmospheric water droplets to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4). This is the acid rain. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are also formed through fossil fuel use in vehicles and power generation plants which are burnt as fuels. In contrast to sulfur, nitrogen is not an impurity but rather an main part of the organic material making up fossil fuels. Fossil fuel combustion releases nitrogen into the atmosphere, usually in the form of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide (NO) is oxidized by atmospheric molecules, such as ozone (O3) or hydrogen dioxide (HO2), to form nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with OH in the atmosphere to form nitric acid (HNO3). Nitric acid can also form when nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with the nitrate radical (NO3) in the presence of atmospheric water or aldehydes. The problem acid rain causes are SO2 (g)+O2(g) -gt; SO3(g) Afterwards, it becomes sulfuric acid when it joins with hydrogen atoms in the air. SO3(g)+H2O(l) -gt; H2SO4(aq 1. ) 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) -gt; 2H+ + NO3 + NO2 2. ) NO(g) + NO2(g) + H2O(l) -gt; 2H+ + 2NO2 3. ) 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) -gt; 2H+ + 2NO3 + NO(g) Acid rain on human CAN CAUSErespiratory problems. The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission gives risk to respiratory problems such as dry coughs, asthma, headaches, eye, nose, and throat irritation. Polluted rainfall is especially harmful to those who suffer from asthma or those who have a hard time breathing. But even healthy people can have their lungs damaged by acid air pollutants. Acid rain can aggravate a persons ability to breathe and may increase disease which could lead to death. It can harm us through the atmosphere or through the soil from which our food is grown and eaten from. Acid rain causes toxic metals to break loose from their natural chemical compounds. Toxic metals themselves are dangerous, but if they are combined with other elements, they are harmless. They release toxic metals that might be absorbed by the drinking water, crops, or animals that human consume. These foods that are consumed could cause nerve damage to children or severe brain damage or death. Scientists believe that one metal, aluminum, is suspected to relate to Alzheimers disease. Acids have a corrosive effect on limestone or marble buildings or sculptures. It is well established that either wet or dry deposition of sulfur dioxide significantly increases the rate of corrosion on limestone, sandstone, and marble. ulfur dioxide plus water makes sulfurous acid SO2 + H2O gt; H2SO3 sulfur trioxide plus water makes sulfuric acid SO3 + H2O gt; H2SO4 The sulfuric acid then further reacts with the limestone in a neutralization reaction. Limestone: CaCO3 + H2SO4 gt; CaSO4 + H2CO3 H2CO3 gt; CO2 gas + H2O The calcium sulfate is soluble in water and hence the limestone dissol ves and crumbles. Acid rain can decrease the growth and yield of crops in agriculture. in severe cases destroy vast areas of crops that are being grown. Acid rain can also increase the acidity in pond and lakes thus affecting and killing aquatic life. 5. The mining and processing of metal sulfide ores can cause a number of major problems in some environments. Use an example from Western Australia to discuss this statement in detail. The nickel exploration in the late 1960s and early 1970s led to the discovery of numerous nickel sulphide deposits. The deposits are found in volcanic areas in the Archaean Yilgarn Block of Western Australia mainly on Mt Keith. Metal sulphide ores availability in Western Australia was doubled in 1997 by the opening of Western Mining Corporations new $A145 million plant alongside the Kalgoorlie nickel smelter 15km south of the Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Hazards created when a sulphide dust ignition occurs can include fire, toxic gases, oxygen deficiency and/or damage from an explosion. Open pit mining, conventional drill, blast, load and haul to get to the deposits Environmental issues can include erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes. Gold mine, lime Esperance, Kambalda nickel smelter

Resume Writing Format

Resume Writing Format Basically there are three different formats for writing resumes. There is the chronological resume writing format, which focuses mainly on prior experiences in the work force. Using this format is good when you want to focus on your prior work experiences. This is effective when you are looking to change jobs within the same field or when applying to corporations that rely mainly on your past experiences. This particular resume writing format shows exactly where you worked and for how long of a time. It also tells a prospective employer what you did in each job. If you are looking to change to an entirely different career field then this type of resume wouldn’t work very well as all it does is show what you’ve done at the places that you have worked. It doesn’t show your talents or any extracurricular activity that you may be looking to switch over into. Another resume writing format is called the functional resume. This type of resume makes it much easier for the reader to see all your qualifications in one spot. With the chronological, you have everything listed under each job and the reader has to read though each one to get an idea of your qualifications. With the functional resume writing format, you can showcase them all in one section. Remember, when a prospective employer reads resumes, he most likely has hundreds to wade through. He’ll probably devote a good ten seconds on each one and if nothing catches his eye, it’ll go into the reject pile. This is where the functional resume can really jump out and grab someone’s attention. This type of resume writing format is recommended for someone looking to make a career change into a totally different field. When you’re looking to do this, obviously your prior job experiences isn’t going to count much but if you have skills or qualifications in th e career you are hoping to move into, you’ll have the ability to list them in the functional resume writing format. A drawback of this type of resume is that it can make it difficult for some interviewers to determine exactly what you have done and where. The third type of resume is one which combines both the chronological and the functional formats. This type of resume can be the most effective one as it showcases your talents and qualifications as well as shows any prospective employers what your job duties were at each place. Using the combined resume format takes the obvious advantages that one can get from both resume formats but by doing so, this type of resume writing format can get a little longer than most. Keep in mind that you only have approximately ten seconds to grab someone’s attention so focus on making your desired statement at the very beginning of the resume. Do this in a way that will pull the reader in and spark their interest enough to keep reading. Keep in mind the kind of career you are looking for and tailor your resume accordingly. A more traditional kind of field may require nothing but a chronological resume format while other, more creative, fields may prefer the functional type. Get some reference books and look for the different resume formats and play around with the information you have until you get an eye-catching resume. One that will pull the prospective interviewer in and make him want to pick up the phone and call you to find out more.

Analysis of Breast Cancer Network Australia

Write report to analysis of Breast Cancer Network Australia.   The report is based on evaluating the legal structure of an organisation named Breast Cancer Network Australia (BCNA). The reports cover key organisational aspect of BCNA such as its history, organisational structure, mission and vision and programs among others. Furthermore, the report also describes the legal structure of the organisation such as the regulatory framework and the taxation system among others.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   BCNA is a national company which comprise network of above 110,000 members and 300 member groups. The founder of BCNA was Lyn Swinburne who was spotted with breast cancer in the year 1993 and underwent surgery and many therapies. As a consequence of her experience and knowledge, she became a committed supporter in the best interests of females with breast cancer. In the year 1998, she imagined a company which can positively impact on the manner breast cancer is measured in the community. Thus, she founded the organisation with the intention to talk openly regarding the illness and admit its vast personal influence. BCNA continues to act towards assisting females and their families to access best information, treatment, care and support. Any operational organisation requires to have certain structure in order to function effectively. For an organisation, the structure is regarded as the hierarchy of people and its functions. A typical organisation can take bureaucratic structure, flat structure, hierarchical structure, tall structure, functional structure, matrix structure and divisional structure. In this context, it can be stated that BCNA has flat organisational structure. It has few level of middle management between the members. It concentrates on empowering the members, rather than adhering to the chain of commands. By inspiring independence and self-direction, BCNA attempt to tap into the creative talents of the members to provide new information and to solve problems of breast cancer by cooperation.      Vision: BCNA acts to make sure that Australians impacted by breast cancer obtain the best possible support, information, cure and care according to individual requirements. Mission: BCNA supports, notifies, represents and associates Australians affected by breast cancer (Breast Cancer Network Australia, 2016).    The organisation value of BCNA is honesty, thoughtful, connection and resilience. The organisation aims to provide honest recommendations for people who are suffering from breast cancer. It built engagement and capability for the members and provide healthcare and social support. It constantly expands and improves the ranges of activities and programs to fulfil the requirements of Australians who are affected by breast cancer.   Cancer Support: BCNA provides professional one on one counselling support to male and female with secondary breast cancer. It is a free and confidential service intends to assist people suffered with secondary breast cancer and to cope with variety of concerns they are experiencing. Fitness Program: BCNA has also developed a fitness program named Fernwood Fitness, which is intended to assist female spotted with breast cancer to stay active and healthy (Breast Cancer Network Australia, 2014).   BCNA deals with only one customer segment which are female with breast cancer. Furthermore, it also provides support service to male with secondary breast cancer and the families. The key objective of financial report of trustee is to make sure that the trustee is publicly responsible for the stewardship of the capitals it maintains. The report must support the people to evaluate the charity’s development against the objectives and to comprehend its plans with respect to the objectives. Every charity or trust with gross income more than  £25,000 requires to submit the financial report to the respected authority. The component of annual report usually comprise management details, objectives and functions, achievement and performance, financial appraisal, plans for future and any funds that the organisation holds as custodian trustees for other charities (The National Council for Voluntary Organisations, 2011). Audit is a vital activity in any kind of organisation, irrespective of the legal structure. Indeed, the kind of audit required is subject to the income and assets of the organisation. In broad context, an independent evaluation is essential if the income is between  £25,000 and  £1 million and audit is also essential where gross income surpasses  £1 million. An audit is also necessary when the total asset surpasses  £3.26 million and the organisation’s gross income is above  £250,000. Irrespective of thresholds, an external audit of accounts in essential if it is required by the organisation’s governing document.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are various legal structures for starting an organisation such as sole proprietorship, partnership, limited company, trust, not for profit and charity among others. BCNA is formed on the basis of not for profit structure. It is basically a kind of trust with no specific legal entity. This type of legal structure is used for charitable purposes as with the case of BCNA (Bourgeois, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BCNA is registered as a fundraiser company in every state and territory of Australia. It is a registered charity which is listed under Australian Charities and Not for Profits Commission (ACNC). BCNA comprise board of directors with 11 key members, comprising the chairman, CEO. Furthermore, in the year 2014, the membership of the company increased to about 100,000 members who share their experience and support volunteering activities.   Charity has technical legal meaning and structure. The legal structure must satisfy the charity’s requirement and permit for future development. Charities have ranges of framework such as incorporated or unincorporated. In this context, BCNA follows the unincorporated framework. It is a trust with unincorporated association with less formal structure and no distinct legal individuality (Commonwealth of Australia, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Licencing requirement: Trustees require to hold a Registrable Superannuation Entity licence issued by Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. This organisation supervises banks, financial institutions, credit unions, societies, general insurance and other superannuation industries. Furthermore, trustees should obtain Registrable Superannuation Entities (RSEs) licence before starting its operation. An organisation seeking RSE licence must pay the proper fees. The schedule fees are specified in r.3A.06 of the regulations which are subject to the type of RSE licence (Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, 2011).   Under the organisational structure, not for profit organisation such as BCNA generally registered as public company which has limited guarantee. Limited guarantee in this context signify that the responsibility of the key members are restricted to the amount the members commence to support the assets of the organisation. BCNA is also registered under the Corporation s Act 2001 which is a commonwealth legislation managed by the ASIC (Australian Securities and Investment Commission, 2016).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Laws and Regulations: Nor for profit organisations such as BCNA exists to undertake charitable liabilities and thus the company is highly regulated. Apart from fundraising and grant prospects, the profit resulting from such functions in BCNA is usually exempted from federal and state income tax. Since, BCNA serve the citizens for noble purposes they enjoy specific tax status and are based on significant national regulations.   Non-profit organisations perform under various designations. Diverse tax exemption requirements exist on the basis of the kind of the company. However, in order to enjoy tax exemptions, the organisation required to be devoted to undertake the activities which are not typically conducted for profit making. No revenue is permitted to provide monetary advantage to the organisational members or the shareholders. Variety of tax allowances are also exist for BCNA for example income tax, FBT, FBT rebate, GST concession for charity and gift deductible and refunds for franking credits among others. Regulations for BCNA are quite similar to those incorporating for profit business. BCNA is able to obtain foundational grants and the procedure of gaining tax exempt status is more straightforward in comparison with other companies which are not incorporated. However, it requires to complete requests for tax exception on the state government level. The organisation must also define the organisational goals along with any corporate goals. BCNA qualifies for income tax exemption under section 50-10 item 2.1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act of 1997 as a not for profit company created for social service.  Ã‚  Ã‚      BCNA in the simplest variation is an organisation for which profit making is not key objective. However, it does not signify that BCNA cannot earn profit. It generates various services and earns profit accordingly in the anticipation for enhancing the revenue. Nevertheless, every earning requires to go back to the company, i.e. there is no profit sharing among the organisational members. Generally, there are no specific owners in BCNA. There are three kinds of non-profit organisations identified by the federal government which are a corporation, unincorporated company and trust. In this context, BCNA is recognised as a trust, which has narrow interest in comparison with other two not for profit entities. The laws which oversee BCNA are established with charitable trusts (Community Tool Box, 2016).    In not for profit organisation, the mission statement must be clear. It is statement about the existence of the company. It is ambitious in nature and can never be accomplished completely. BCNA has clear and ambitious mission statement. The mission statement defines why the company act in specific manner and how its work is done. Besides, BCNA also has a vision which signifies what the company looks like. It delimits the potential strategy of BCNA and also the boundaries of the company. The boundaries within which BCNA performs define its value (Australian Taxation Office, 2015).   Receiving gifts is a vital method of obtaining financial support for BCNA. However, there are certain regulations which apply to both the donors and the company accepting the gift. In order to deductible the gift must comply with relevant gift condition and must be a gift of money or certain kind of property. The donors require to give gifts without obtaining any benefits or services in return. On the other hand, BCNA which provides financial support to possible donors can lead to loss of tax except status of the company. Besides, BCNA is required to register fundraising functions with the government in which it propose to solicit gifts. BCNA is endorsed as Deductible Gift Recipient (DGR) under section 30-20 and subdivision 30-B of the Income tax Assessment Act of 1997 as a specific health recipient. Every gift values more than $2 and over is tax deductible (Breast Cancer Network Australia, 2016).   Shareholders forms a major part of the operations of the companies in the present day business context. It is believed that the role of the shareholders mainly comprise of their association with the business in the form of putting considerable investments and acquiring return for the same. This can be justified from the fact that shareholders plays an external role with regard to considering the manner in which the business could be able to attain its objectives of higher revenue and profitability in the long run.   In this particular study, focus has been on the analysis of the operations of Breast Cancer Network Australia (BCNA), which is one of the notable companies operating in Australia. The accountability of the shareholders mainly comprise of involving in the decision making of the business and at the same time contributing towards the attainment of the goals of the organization in the long run. The shareholders are also responsible for assuring that the company is meeting t heir goals and objectives in terms of environmental and social responsibility. BCNA is a not for profit organisation which intends to provide support to the Australian people who are suffering from breast cancer. It provides relevant information treatment and care to the people. It is registered as a fundraiser company and has above 100,000 members. As a not for profit company, BCNA enjoys various facilities such as tax exemption and gifts among others. However, in order to act according to its vision, it must enhance the fundraising activities and develop various programs which can truly help the people in need.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. â€Å"Instruction Guide Application Form – RSE Licence.† Last modified 2013.   Australian Taxation Office. â€Å"Tax-deductible gifts†. Australian Government. Last modified 2015. Accessed June 16, 2016.  Ã‚   Australian Securities and Investment Commission. â€Å"Registering not for profit or charitable organisations†. For Business. Bourgeois, D. J. â€Å"Legal Structures for Charitable and Not-for-Profit Organizations†. Butterworth’s. Last modified 2002.   Breast Cancer Network Australia. â€Å"Annual Review 2014†. Last modified 2014. Accessed June 16, 2016.  Ã‚   Breast Cancer Network Australia. â€Å"Legal Information†. Last modified 2016. Accessed June 16, 2016. Breast Cancer Network Australia. â€Å"Who are we?† Last modified 2016. Accessed June 16, 2016. Community Tool Box. â€Å"Section 4: Understanding Nonprofit Status and Tax Exemption.† Chapter 43.   Commonwealth of Australia. â€Å"Why legal structure is important.† Legal Structure. Getting academic assistance from

Australia's Viticulture Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Australia's Viticulture Industry - Essay Example Gender is another primary segment as Lee and Low (2007, p.735) report that women in Australia buy 70% of the wine and that is typical also of their major exporting customers in the UK and US. Women may have different tastes for wine and will respond to different packaging than men (Low and Lee, 2007, p.735). Quality and cost further segment wine. These two segments may overlap, though quality is not an absolute indicator of cost. Drinking behavior is another key segment, as the wine that appeals to the occasional drinker may not be marketed in the same way as a wine meant for the market of heavy consumers. While wine segmentation can be limited to demographics, Bruwer, Li, and Reid (2002, p.221) have reported that it limits the information about the consumer. They state that segmentation should be accomplished by identifying lifestyle and drinking behavior. They contend that this makes the segments, "...more actionable from a marketing strategy standpoint" (Bruwer, Li, and Reid, 2002, p. 221). They have further broken the segments into shopping styles and desired outcome of drinking behavior (Bruwer, Li, and Reid, 2002, p. 228). While these various segments may have value from a marketing standpoint, they may limit the segment to such a degree that the overall market may be too limited to be of any strategic value. Small and medium sized wine producers will have difficulty competi... Small and medium sized wine producers will have difficulty competing with the large producers in the area of price. Small wineries can not produce at the low cost that the larger scale producers can (Lee and Low, 2007, p. 733). However, they are in a position to control other product variables such as branding and quality. By segmenting the market they could cultivate niche markets by offering products that have a specialized appeal. However, it should be noted that niche brands that are only offered as a 'change of pace' brand would be in a vulnerable position in a retail market (Jarvis and Goodman, 2005, p. 295). The niche market would have to have brand loyalty to sustain sales. Larger producers may be unable to enter these markets due to their limited base. If marketing research could show that lowering the price could sell more product, the plan would have to include which component of the mix would be given up to accommodate the lower price. Discount pricing may require less promotion. Bulk sales may improve product placement. Alternatively, pricing could be held at a premium level and sold only through direct sales or exclusive outlets. Since the 4Ps are interactive it becomes a balancing act to determine the correct mix. Other factors, such as brand awareness, product maturity, and customer relationships are additional factors that need to be considered when planning the 4Ps (Kotler, 2003, p.110). Small wineries with scarce resources have the additional difficulty of controlling a product that is at the mercy of the weather and ever changing consumer tastes. Small producers are in a good position to market their product in unique ways. They could promote their product through the use of more personal

Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Prostitution - Essay Example The organization gives the facts on prostitution that are all in favor of my argument. One of the missions and the major aim for the organization is on the protection of the children from trafficking for sexual exploitation in the name of prostitution. This is child defilement and the organization is strongly active and advocates so much on this kind of prostitution (Ronald 2012). It is quite important to highlight a con side of my argument by saying that prostitution is a perceived to be a victimless crime. This is so as it develops bad sexual scenes where the human rights are violated and the people are obliged to engage in various sexual behaviors that are not healthy. With an argument that they receive money in the name of prostitution, they have to admit on their own consent an not admitting because of the pressure that they receive from the people they call their customers. It is also important to highlight that a research that was conducted by the International Labor Organization (ILO) found out that majority of the prostitutes are women and that they involve themselves in the act with the view of getting income. It is therefore considered to be an evil act in the society as it does not pass good morals to the society (Ronald 2011). Another bad consequence and repercussion of the act is the case whereby the prostitutes go for the HIV/AIDS testing nearly every week and the results of the test turn out to be negative. This can be so for about three months and in the long run the person infects a large number of people before being found negative. This is a wrong implication of prostitution and the adverse effects of the disease are also known. It affects the economy, society and the political climate too (Sheila 2009). Based on my reasoning of the negatives of the act, it is therefore quite evident that the act does not help our economy in the right way. This is so as

Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development Essay Example for Free

Manage Personal Work Priorities and Professional Development Essay Health’s purpose is to provide safe, sustainable, efficient, quality and responsive health services for all Queenslanders, and we have five core values that guide our behaviour: Caring for People: We will show due regard for the contribution and diversity of all staff and treat all patients and consumers, carers and their families with professionalism and respect. Leadership: We will exercise leadership in the delivery of health services and in the broader health system by communicating vision, aligning strategy with delivering outcomes, taking responsibility, supporting appropriate governance and demonstrating commitment and consideration for people. Partnership: Working collaboratively and respectfully with other service providers and partners is fundamental to our success. Accountability, efficiency and effectiveness: We will measure and communicate our performance to the community and governments. We will use this information to inform ways to improve our services and manage public resources effectively, efficiently and economically. Innovation: We value creativity. We are open to new ideas and different approaches and seek to continually improve our services through our contributions to, and support of, evidence, innovation and research. Purpose The Nurse Unit Manager is a registered nurse who is an expert practitioner accountable for the coordination of clinical practice and the provision of human and material resources for the BreastScreen Queensland Mackay Service. Staffing and budget responsibilities Line Management for nursing staff of BreastScreen Queensland Mackay Service Regular analysis and reporting of financial and quality performance activity. Your key responsibilities †¢ Fulfil the responsibilities of this role in accordance with Queensland Health’s core values, as outlined above. †¢ Provide high-level clinical leadership and expertise to the nursing workforce in the delivery of evidence based, contemporary nursing practice, in accordance with the BreastScreen Queensland Program Policy and Standards and the BreastScreen Australia National Accreditation Standards. †¢ Facilitate the coordination and management of client care during the screening and assessment pathway to ensure service delivery is ethical, efficient, effective, client focused and culturally appropriate. Maintain clinical data, undertake analysis of trends in client outcomes, and aid in the establishment of service benchmarks specific to the BreastScreen Queensland Program. Facilitate operational strategies for a work based culture that promotes and supports education, learning, research and workforce development by providing training and development opportunities for staff and participating in performance appraisal and development. †¢ Active involvement in the implementation of National Accreditation Standards at Service Level to ensure Service meets performance indicators. †¢ Participates in the development of a vision/strategy for the BreastScreen Service which is in line with the BreastScreen Queensland Program, District and Queensland Health direction and supports a supportive learning culture. Facilitates in collaboration with staff the implementation, monitoring and review of workplace instructions, guidelines and competencies as applicable. †¢ Maintains current knowledge of professional practice standards and changes, and contributes actively to nursing development.

Oedipus Rex †a Christ Figure Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus Rex – a Christ Figure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Sophocles’ famous tragedy, Oedipus Rex, perhaps â€Å"the most important and influential drama ever written† (â€Å"Sophocles† 717), presents in the person of   Oedipus the model of a good ruler, a humanely intelligent and vigorously active leader, a man who earlier saved his adopted city Thebes from disaster. Is Oedipus an alter Christus besides?    The numerous parallels between the figure of the king Oedipus and the figure of Christ in the Scriptures prompts the reader to ask the above question.    For example, in the opening lines of the drama, Oedipus greets the crowd of suppliants (including old men, boys and children) waiting at his palace doors with the words: â€Å"My children, latest born to Cadmus old, /Why sit ye here as suppliants, in your hands /Branches of olive filleted with wool†? Later, the king’s second address to the crowd begins: â€Å"Ah! my poor children, known, ah, known too well,/The quest that brings you hither and your need.† Other addresses to the people on the part of the king refer to them as â€Å"children.† There are many parallels to this in the Bible when Jesus addressed the people. In the gospel of Matthew alone, the word children is used 20 times, for example 3:9: â€Å". . .and do not presume to say to yourselves, `We have Abraham as our father'; for I tell you, God is able from these stones to raise up children to Abraham.† Jesus also said in Matthew 18:3: "Truly, I say to you, unless you turn and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.† In the same book (23:37) Jesus said, "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, killing the prophets and stoning those who are sent to you! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her b... ...says â€Å"I thank my God through Jesus Christ,† thus associating the two very closely.    Thus it is seen that there are many parallels between Sophocles’ drama, Oedipus Rex, in its treatment of the king, and the Bible with its treatment of Jesus, even though the latter was written some 400 years later than the former.    WORKS CITED       Oedipus the King. Tranlsted by Stephen Berg and Diskin Clay. In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    â€Å"Sophocles† In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi   

Case Study Real Choices at KFC Essay

Case Study Real Choices at KFC (page 243) Could you imagine eating a sandwich without any bread? At first I found it kind of odd but overall it may be something to consider in your future diet. Next time you are standing in the bakery department deciding on what loaf of bread to buy, flip the loaf over and read the nutritional information. You may be surprised of what you are actually eating. My significant other does a lot of grocery shopping so I wanted to see exactly what she has been having me eat. Four times a day without giving it a second thought I eat a peanut butter and honey sandwich for breakfast and roast beef and cheese for lunch. My findings from Nature’s Own 100% whole grain are that each slice contains 70 calories and 0 calories from fat. I guess that’s not too bad considering you have to have two pieces of bread for something to be considered a sandwich right? Well the debate officially began in 2010 when Kentucky Fried Chicken (as known as KFC) introduced their â€Å"Double Down† to be an additional item to the menu. KFC promoted the new item in its advertisements stating that there is â€Å"so much 100% premium chicken, that they didn’t have room for a bun† The sandwich is an attempt to grow revenue in a very competitive business in a society where every calorie counts. The United States has the largest fast-food market in the world and it continues to advance daily while keeping their current customers happy along with trying to recruit new business. KFC began in a gas station in North Corbin, Kentucky during the Great Depression. The success of the eating establishment original called Sanders Court & Cafà © led to expansion and renaming of what we know it today as Kentucky Fried Chicken. In 1952 the first KFC opened in South Salt Lake Utah, and expanded in Canada in the early 1960’s. Since this time KFC has changed ownership several times and today the brand is owned by Yum Brands and is based in Louisville, Kentucky. There are more than 14,000 KFC restaurants in more than 80 countries around the world, serving 12 million customers each day. According to KFC.com, the Double Down, â€Å"features two thick and juicy boneless white meat chicken filets (original recipe or grilled), two pieces of bacon, two melted slices of Monterey Jack and pepper cheese, and the Colonels Sauce.† Although it was initially offered on a limited time basis, KFC decide to add the item to its menu permanently. The company’s change of course was related to the string sales driven in part by people eating the sandwich on YouTube and popular TV  personality Stephen Colbert consuming one on The Colbert Report TV show. KFC reports that the launch is one of their most successful ever. From a nutritional standpoint, the Double Down is 540 calories, 32 grams of fat, and 1380 milligrams of sodium. The grilled version is 460 calories, 23 grams of fat, and 1430 milligrams of sodium. The level of sodium in the sandwich is drawing a great deal of concern from customers and health organizations. To put these numbers into perspective every twelve hundred milligrams is equal to  ½ teaspoon of salt. Many critics are questioning why KFC introduced this as an option in the middle of building its brand image as a fast food restaurant offering healthier menu choices. The fast food retail market is in constant state of competition. The dilemma for the company is how to appeal to both the healthy market and the generous market? Many customers prefer healthy choices when considering fast food; however there are numerous customers who find the appeal of fat, salt, and processed carbohydrates simply irresistible. The general issue of obesity is leading to major health problems become front page news. The choice of menu items must lead to long term profits and competitive market advantage and KFC will have to find a way to balance both. 1.What is the decision facing KFC? The decision facing KFC is how to appeal to both the healthy market and to the not so healthy market? I think for starters they could have renamed the sandwich from the get go. When I hear the words Double Down at a fast food restaurant, there is no way it can’t be good for you, but then again maybe that’s why it was such a huge success. I take it more like double your weight and your heart rate slows down while eating the sandwich. I think if they had used another name it may have drawn better attention to health organizations and to the healthy market. My suggestion are Twice is Nice, Two is better. Pure Chicken, or the Real Deal maybe something more appealing to the healthy consumers. 2.What factors are important in understanding their decision situation? Some of the most important factors in this decision facing KFC is to first realize what consumers really want to eat and then even how it looks and sounds to others that may be on the fence of trying the sandwich. They say you judge something within 7 seconds of seeing it whether it is going in your mouth or in any other means of life. I personally think meals like this one is not an option for most consumers in  today’s competitive market while hungry when others have a lot more to offer and healthier. 3.What decision do you recommend? In today’s environment I personally think the idea was there with the chicken, which is one of the cheapest and healthiest things to eat. I think this option would attract more consumers if it was on a wrap or tortilla and smaller portions instead of holding two pieces of chicken in your hand while drinking a big gulp to wash down the salt. 4.Conclusion To sum it up fast food is ongoing competition to entice consumers of all markets to buy their product whenever and wherever. I hope you have learned something from me and my case and the next time you order a sandwich will it be without bread. Regardless of what I think or what others may so, would you order one of these sandwiches, if you haven’t already indulged into the deliciousness? To be honest I never even heard of it? Can you come up with any other ideas that may help out KFC to attractive the healthier market of consumers? Do you feel sandwiches like the â€Å"Double Down† is the future for fast food chains?

Disc Arthroplasty Essay

Degenerative disc disease have been a problem for many people as this disease brings about low back pain that seems to paralyze the working force,   the middle adulthood population (Smeltzer, 2004). Not only does it bring impaired quality of life to those who suffer from it, but Arvind Kulkarni adds large health care expenses to the list of problems brought about by this disease as seen in his article entitled Prosthetic Lumbar disc replacement for degenerative disc disease. Spinal fusion, which is the medical management for degenerative disc disease, has been criticized by several doctors in the practice due to its untoward effects in the patient’s overall recovery and lifetime improvement. Specialist in the field, Christoph Siepe, identified these unpleasant effects as accelerated adjacent system degeneration, pseudarthrosis, spinal canal stenosis, and donor site morbidity. Adjacent segment degeneration, as mentioned by Peter Ullrich in his article entitled Fusion versus Artificial Disc Arthroplasty for Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease, stated that this is the major complication of spinal fusion and the reason why most surgeons want this procedure replaced. Adjacent segment degeneration or ASD happens when mechanical stress is transferred to the adjacent segment, also mentioned by Peter Ullrich. But research showed that this procedure can be modified to show more positive results. An anterior lumbar interbody fusion showed a low occurrence of revision surgery needed, which meant low frequency of adjacent segment degeneration, all pointed out in Mr. Ullrich’s paper.   However, to achieve this outcome, Mr. Ullrich declared that there should be an improvement in patient selection and in the procedure. The patients should be those patients having degenerative disc disease in their 5th lumbar to 1st sacral segment, because there is minimal motion at this level. By doing so, he states that fusing these segments do not change the patient’s mobility as much.   But not all are satisfied of this result. Doctors and specialists are continuously making efforts to totally changing the primary medical management for degenerative disc diseases. Studies have been conducted, and several replacement procedures were approved by the FDA. Peter Ullrich stated in his paper that the total disk replacement procedure was approved for medical use by the FDA in the year 2004 using the Charite artificial disc but for only one level of the spinal vertebrae, being the L4 – L5 or the L5 – S1. This is not the first time that a total or partial disc replacement was done. The history of this procedure was mentioned in an article in a website by Spine-Health that disc nucleus replacement was done first in 1955 by David Cleveland by injecting methyl-acrylic. Ever since then, there have two other FDA approved products aside from the Charite, the website Spine-Health states that the Prodisc was approved on August 2006 and the Kineflex lumbar on June 2005.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A total disc replacement is being described by Jose Reyna in his article, Advances in Artificial Disc Technology, as being composed of two pieces of plates made of metal that has teeth to be able to attach itself to the end plates of the vertebral bones above and below it. This means that the particular intervertebral disc that is causing pain has to be removed and replaced by an artificial disc. Several artificial discs have been developed by various manufacturers in the country and they only differ in design and composition. The Charite, as mentioned earlier, is made up of a unique sliding core with two metal alloy end plates. The Prodisc being based on spherical articulations is made up of cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy as stated in the website Spine-Health. Inventors Qi-Bin Bao and Paul Higham developed a hydrogel prosthetic nucleus made up of PVA powder and a solvent mixed together, as seen on the article, Hydrogel intervertebral disc nucleus with diminished lateral bulging. The total disc replacement procedure has its advantages and disadvantages. Even after some models being approved by the FDA, it is still being assessed thoroughly by specialists in the field. Charles Rosen and Douglas Kiester report poor results and complications in the total disc replacement procedure. As it was mentioned in their study, this procedure causes fractures, severe pain, dislocations, extrusion of the implant, facet joint degeneration, and unexplained radiculopathy. They attribute these substandard results to the fact that the center of rotation of segmented motion is erroneous. Jose Reyna Jr. also mentions several disadvantages of the procedure in his study, stating that the anterior approach to the surgery can cause injury to the aorta and the common iliac vessels, can cause retrograde ejaculation in men by injuring the superior hypogastric plexus, hemorrhage can result from the retroperitoneal approach, and infection can occur. However, he also stated some advantages, as this procedure is said to maintain range of motion in majority of the patients as a long-term outcome. There are still a lot of studies to be conducted, and patients to be experimented on. A three year study conducted by Christoph Siepe et al., entitled Clinical Results of Total Lumbar Disc Replacement With ProDisc II: Three-Year Results for Different Indications, intended to assess total disc replacement outcome in patients who actually underwent the operation. Their results showed that not all degenerative disc diseases can be treated with this medical management. The best outcome was seen in patients exhibiting degenerative disc disease condition plus soft disc herniation or nucleus pulposus prolapse. Outcome was measured against the patient’s improvement from their preoperative levels. There were inferior results from the patients who had bisegmental damages, and a higher complication rate. Also it was mentioned that the younger patients, more specifically those aged below forty exhibited better outcome than those older than forty. Technology like this is still being developed, studied and modified as we speak. What is important is that there are people out there who care and who try to make a difference, whether it is by inventing, criticizing or being the experimental person wherein these new devices will be made a reality. References Charles Rosen, Douglas Kiester, Thay Q. Lee: The Potential Biomechanical Etiology for Lumbar Disc Replacement Failures: Review of 24 Patients and the Rationale for Revision . The Internet Journal of Minimally Invasive Spinal Technology. 2007. Volume 1 Number 2. Medscape. (2002). Advance in Artificial Disc Technology. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/445057 Medscape. (2002). Clinical Results of Total Lumbar Disc Replacement With ProDisc II: Three-Year Results for Different Indications. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/542479 Neurology India. (2005). Prosthetic Lumbar disc replacement for degenerative disc disease. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2005;volume=53;issue=4;spage=499;epage=505;aulast=Kulkarni Neurospine. (no indicated year). Fusion versus Artificial Disc Arthroplasty for Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www.neurospinewi.com/newsletters/fusionvsartificial.html Patent Storm. (1996). Hydrogel intervertebral disc nucleus with diminished lateral bulging. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5534028-fulltext.html Smeltzer, S. and Bare, B. (2004). Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Spine-Health. (1997-2007). Lumbar artificial disc surgery for chronic back pain. Retrieved January 22, 2008 from http://www.spine-health.com/research/discupdate/artificial/artificial01.html

Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I

Battle of Belleau Wood in World War I Part of the 1918 German Spring Offensives, the Battle of Belleau Wood took place between June 1-26 during World War I (1914 to 1918). Fought predominantly by US Marines, victory was achieved after twenty-six days of combat. The main German attack was repulsed on June 4 and US forces began offensive operations on June 6. The battle halted the German Aisne offensive and launched a counterattack in the area. Fighting in the forest was particularly fierce, with the Marines attacking the wood six times before it was finally secured. German Spring Offensives In early 1918, the German government, freed from fighting a two-front war by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, chose to launch a massive offensive on the Western Front. This decision was largely motivated by a desire to end the war before the full strength of the United States could be brought into the conflict. Beginning on March 21, the Germans attacked the British Third and Fifth Armies with the goal of splitting the British and French and driving the former into the sea (Map). After driving the British back after making some initial gains, the advance stalled and was ultimately halted at  Villers-Bretonneux. As a result of the crisis caused by the German attack, Marshal Ferdinand Foch was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Armies and tasked with coordinating all operations in France. An assault to the north around Lys, dubbed Operation Georgette, met a similar fate in April. To aid these offensives a third attack, Operation  Blà ¼cher–Yorck, was planned for late May in Aisne between Soissons and Rheims (Map). Aisne Offensive Beginning on May 27, German storm troopers broke through the French lines in Aisne. Striking in an area that lacked substantial defenses and reserves, the Germans forced the French Sixth Army into a full retreat. During the first three days of the offensive, the Germans captured 50,000 Allied soldiers and 800 guns. Moving quickly, the Germans advanced to the Marne River and were intent on pressing on to Paris. At the Marne, they were blocked by American troops at Chateau-Thierry and Belleau Wood. The Germans attempted to take Chateau-Thierry but were stopped by US Army forces centered around the 3rd Division on June 2. 2nd Division Arrives On June 1, the Major General Omar Bundys 2nd Division took up positions south of Belleau Wood near Lucy-le-Bocage with its line extending south opposite Vaux. A composite division, the 2nd consisted of Brigadier General Edward M. Lewis 3rd Infantry Brigade (9th 23rd Infantry Regiments) and Brigadier General James Harbords 4th Marine Brigade (5th 6th Marine Regiments). In addition to their infantry regiments, each brigade possessed a machine gun battalion. While Harbords Marines assumed a position near Belleau Wood, Lewis men held a line to the south below the Paris-Metz Road. As the Marines dug in, a French officer suggested that they withdrawal. To this Captain Lloyd Williams of the 5th Marines famously replied, Retreat? Hell, we just got here. Two days later elements of the German 347th Division from Army Group Crown Prince occupied the forest. With their attack at Chateau-Thierry stalling, the Germans launched a major assault on June 4. Supported by machine guns and artillery, the Marines were able to hold, effectively ending the German offensive in Aisne. Marines Move Forward The following day, the commander of the French XXI Corps ordered Harbords 4th Marine Brigade to retake Belleau Wood. On the morning of June 6, the Marines advanced, capturing Hill 142 to the west of the wood with support from the French 167th Division (Map). Twelve hours later, they frontally assaulted the forest itself. To do so, the Marines had to cross a wheat field under heavy German machine gun fire. With his men pinned down, Gunnery Sergeant Dan Daly called Come on ya sons-of-bitches, ya want to live forever? and got them on the move again. When night fell, only a small section of forest had been captured. In addition to Hill 142 and the assault on the woods, the 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines attacked into Bouresches to the east. After taking most of the village, the Marines were forced to dig in against German counterattacks. All reinforcements trying to reach Bouresches had to cross a large open area and were subjected to heavy German fire. When night fell, the Marines had suffered 1,087 casualties making it the bloodiest day in the Corps history to date. Clearing the Forest On June 11, following a heavy artillery bombardment, the Marines pressed hard into Belleau Wood, capturing the southern two-thirds. Two days later, the Germans assaulted Bouresches after a massive gas attack and almost retook the village. With the Marines stretched thin, the 23rd Infantry extended its line and took over the defense of Bouresches. On the 16th, citing exhaustion, Harbord requested that some of the Marines be relieved. His request was granted and three battalions of the 7th Infantry (3rd Division) moved into the forest. After five days of fruitless fighting, the Marines retook their position in the line. On June 23, the Marines launched a major attack into the forest but were unable to gain ground. Suffering staggering losses, they required over two hundred ambulances to carry the wounded. Two days later, Belleau Wood was subjected to a fourteen-hour bombardment by French artillery. Attacking in the wake of the artillery, US forces were finally able to completely clear the forest (Map). On June 26, after defeating some early morning German counterattacks, Major Maurice Shearer was finally able to send the signal, Woods now entirely -US Marine Corps. Aftermath In the fighting around Belleau Wood, American forces suffered 1,811 killed and 7,966 wounded and missing. German casualties are unknown though 1,600 were captured. The Battle of Belleau Wood and the Battle of Chateau-Thierry showed the United States allies that it was fully committed fighting the war and was willing to do whatever was required to achieve victory. The commander of the American Expeditionary Forces, General John J. Pershing,  commented after the battle that The deadliest weapon in the world is a United States Marine and his rifle.  In recognition of their tenacious fighting and victory, the French awarded citations to those units that participated in the battle and renamed Belleau Wood Bois de la Brigade Marine.   Belleau Wood also showed the Marine Corps flare for publicity. While the fighting was still going on, the Marines routinely circumvented the American Expeditionary Forces publicity offices to have their story told, while those of Army units engaged were ignored. Following the Battle of Belleau Wood, Marines began being referred to as Devil Dogs. While many believed that this term was coined by the Germans, its actual origins are unclear. It is known that the Germans highly respected the Marines fighting ability and classified them as elite storm troopers.

Death Humor of James Thorson and Allen Klein Essay

Death Humor of James Thorson and Allen Klein - Essay Example Thorson. It was published in the Journal of Popular American Culture. Vol. 16:2. It revolves around gallows humor and covers different aspects of the topic. It covers the history and various other types of gallows humor. According to the Oxford Dictionary, Gallows Humor is grim and ironic humor in a desperate or hopeless situation. (The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English, 2008) It refers to humor that is directed towards something or some event that is frightening in real life. Getting electrocuted at a yogurt dispensing machine at National Institute of Health makes us realize how unpredictable this life is. It makes us realize that it can end any time without us knowing it which makes it very frightening. Still we smile at the unexpected pattern of circumstances. I agree with James A. Thorson when he says that there is a cognitive shift in the way we perceive this event. I agree with James A. Thorson when he says that smiling at frightening and unfortunate events, like when a man gets electrocuted while dispensing yogurt at a National Institute of Health cannot be put under the heading of 'gallows humor'. Gallows humor is something that is intentionally created in order to help people cope with death and its anxieties. This event that I described above was not intentional. It is just a combination of a lot of unexpected events being put together. On the other hand gallows humor is there for a reason. It has motive of helping people cope with death better. What supports gallows humor and makes it so acceptable The fact that no one can escape death creates a lot of anxiety but gallows humor allows us to accept it which, as a result, decreases the anxiety that everyone in this world goes through.Jokes regarding war and combat also help us ignore the ugly reality of war itself. We just concentrate on the humorous aspect of it and ignore war as a bloody, loud and violent event. In war jokes, the real situation is ignored and put aside. In my opinion, Sigmund Freud was right when he stated that we make fun of death as a defense mechanism. Even though this results in pushing us away from what is real and distorting reality, but at least it allows us to live happily whatever time we have.However, when one laughs at someone else's death makes it unethical, prejudice and inhumane. Terms used by medical officers like Trainwreck and Gork for their patients are clearly just a result of these medical officers being sick of their jobs. Making fun of others death just makes us feel better because it reassures us that we are not like them. We start to consider them as outsiders, a term which refers to people who are not a part your group. We make fun of the outsiders and this makes us prejudice towards them.Also those people who are oppressed by others use humor as a weapon against political repression. This point was put forward by Antonin Obrdlik, a sociologist who studied the Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia. Humor helped them feel better about them selves and these people used it against their enemies. Similarly, gallows humor is used by people to help them feel better about themselves and not so insignificant. It helps with deal with death and all other harsh realities emotionally. It is like psychological reassurance and could also be considered as passive-aggression. We have a natural tendency to make fun of

Physica Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Physica - Research Paper Example As the car moves at a speed, the objects inside will also move at the same speed. When the car stops suddenly the objects inside the car will continue to move forward unless it is stopped by some object like seat belt. The physics principle behind this process is inertia. Inertia is explained by Isaac Newton in his first law of physics. Inertia is the idea that moving objects will continue to do so unless an external force is applied to stop it. Inertia is one of the basic principles of physics that has innumerable applications. Principles of inertia are applied in several fields where speed, motion and direction are crucial factors. Knowing the basic idea of inertia helps us understand the way objects move in the universe. Inertia is therefore important in the development of various products. The interesting principle of inertia touches almost every aspects of our daily life. Appliances like refrigerator, air conditioners and heat pumps function on the second law of thermodynamics. Heat energy spontaneously flows from a hot body to a cold body. In order to make heat flow from cold body to hot body work must be done. A process, a cycle is continuously happening in a refrigerator. A liquid refrigerant substance is getting vaporized in the cooling coils. Heat in the surroundings is absorbed by this fluid. The fluid gets vaporized and this cools the fridge. The same principle is applicable in heat pumps and air conditioners. Pressure cooker which is used in our kitchen works on a physics principle. Vaporization principle is the secret behind pressure cooker. Pressure gets formed inside the cooker as the water boils. Boiled water produces steam which makes the temperature rise. The pressure and the high temperature inside the cooker make the food cooked. The high pressure and temperature reduces the cooking time. The pressure of the steam aggravates the gas pressure above the water. Boiling point is easily achieved by increase in pressure. Pressure cooker works on this principle. Devices like radio and telephone convert acoustic energy into electrical energy and electrical energy back to acoustic energy. Wirelessly transmitted electromagnetic waves are received by television and it is converted into light energy and acoustic energy. This is the principle behind the working of television. Toothpaste we use in every life is an example of the application of a physics principle. Applyig pressure on any part of the toothpaste tube makes the paste come out through the outlet. Pascal a Frenchman found out that if pressure is applied to any area of a confined fluid, pressure would get transmitted to all other parts with no loss. The applied pressure would put equal force on all parts of the confined walls. The force also comes perpendicular to the walls. If we put a hole in the toothpaste tube and push at any part of the tube, paste would come out through the hole. The force gets transmitted from one place to another through the liquid, which is the toothpaste. The same principle is used in hydraulic machines. Bicycles we use in daily life works on a physics principle. The prominent force that helps a bicycle to balance is centripetal force. A bicycle has two wheels kept in straight alignment. For a beginner it would be difficult to balance a bicycle. However, certain physics principles makes bicycle ride possible. When a revolving wheel rotates around a central axis in a single direction the wheel is prompted to continue moving in the